CWE-178 大小写敏感处理不恰当

Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity

结构: Simple

Abstraction: Base

状态: Incomplete

被利用可能性: unkown

基本描述

The software does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.

扩展描述

Improperly handled case sensitive data can lead to several possible consequences, including:

相关缺陷

  • cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 706 cwe_View_ID: 1000 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

  • cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 706 cwe_View_ID: 1003 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

  • cwe_Nature: CanPrecede cwe_CWE_ID: 433 cwe_View_ID: 1000

  • cwe_Nature: CanPrecede cwe_CWE_ID: 289 cwe_View_ID: 1000

适用平台

Language: {'cwe_Class': 'Language-Independent', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}

常见的影响

范围 影响 注释
Access Control Bypass Protection Mechanism

可能的缓解方案

MIT-44 Architecture and Design

策略: Input Validation

Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.

MIT-5 Implementation

策略: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a whitelist of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue." Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs (i.e., do not rely on a blacklist). A blacklist is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, blacklists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.

MIT-20 Implementation

策略: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass whitelist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

示例代码

例

In the following example, an XSS neutralization method replaces script tags in user supplied input with a safe equivalent:

bad Java

public String preventXSS(String input, String mask) {
return input.replaceAll("script", mask);
}

The code only works when the "script" tag is in all lower-case, forming an incomplete blacklist (CWE-184). Equivalent tags such as "SCRIPT" or "ScRiPt" will not be neutralized by this method, allowing an XSS attack.

分析过的案例

标识 说明 链接
CVE-2000-0499 Application server allows attackers to bypass execution of a jsp page and read the source code using an upper case JSP extension in the request. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2000-0499
CVE-2000-0497 The server is case sensitive, so filetype handlers treat .jsp and .JSP as different extensions. JSP source code may be read because .JSP defaults to the filetype "text". https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2000-0497
CVE-2000-0498 The server is case sensitive, so filetype handlers treat .jsp and .JSP as different extensions. JSP source code may be read because .JSP defaults to the filetype "text". https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2000-0498
CVE-2001-0766 A URL that contains some characters whose case is not matched by the server's filters may bypass access restrictions because the case-insensitive file system will then handle the request after it bypasses the case sensitive filter. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2001-0766
CVE-2001-0795 Server allows remote attackers to obtain source code of CGI scripts via URLs that contain MS-DOS conventions such as (1) upper case letters or (2) 8.3 file names. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2001-0795
CVE-2001-1238 Task Manager does not allow local users to end processes with uppercase letters named (1) winlogon.exe, (2) csrss.exe, (3) smss.exe and (4) services.exe via the Process tab which could allow local users to install Trojan horses that cannot be stopped. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2001-1238
CVE-2003-0411 chain: Code was ported from a case-sensitive Unix platform to a case-insensitive Windows platform where filetype handlers treat .jsp and .JSP as different extensions. JSP source code may be read because .JSP defaults to the filetype "text". https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2003-0411
CVE-2002-0485 Leads to interpretation error https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2002-0485
CVE-1999-0239 Directories may be listed because lower case web requests are not properly handled by the server. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-1999-0239
CVE-2005-0269 File extension check in forum software only verifies extensions that contain all lowercase letters, which allows remote attackers to upload arbitrary files via file extensions that include uppercase letters. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2005-0269
CVE-2004-1083 Web server restricts access to files in a case sensitive manner, but the filesystem accesses files in a case insensitive manner, which allows remote attackers to read privileged files using alternate capitalization. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2004-1083
CVE-2002-2119 Case insensitive passwords lead to search space reduction. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2002-2119
CVE-2004-2214 HTTP server allows bypass of access restrictions using URIs with mixed case. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2004-2214
CVE-2004-2154 Mixed upper/lowercase allows bypass of ACLs. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2004-2154
CVE-2005-4509 Bypass malicious script detection by using tokens that aren't case sensitive. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2005-4509
CVE-2002-1820 Mixed case problem allows "admin" to have "Admin" rights (alternate name property). https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2002-1820
CVE-2007-3365 Chain: uppercase file extensions causes web server to return script source code instead of executing the script. https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2007-3365

Notes

分类映射

映射的分类名 ImNode ID Fit Mapped Node Name
PLOVER Case Sensitivity (lowercase, uppercase, mixed case)